前言
CMake元构建系统，可以为平台首选的构建系统生成项目文件和构建脚本。例如，它可以为类Unix的系统, Ninja构建脚本, Visual Studio解决方案等生成Makefile。
https://cmake.org
https://github.com/Kitware/CMake0.cmake常用配置及信息展示
适用于一般信息配置及展示
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) project(CSerialPort LANGUAGES CXX) if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE AND NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES) set大流量卡(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING “Choose the type of build.” FORCE) set_property(CACHE CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS “Debug” “Release” “MinSizeRel” “RelWithDebInfo”) endif() option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS “Build shared libraries” ON) message(STATUS “CSerialPort CMake Info”) message(STATUS “====================大流量卡===================================”) message(STATUS ” Operation System : ${CMAKE_SYSTEM}”) message(STATUS ” CPU Architecture : ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}”) message(STATUS ” Build Type : ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}${CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES}”) message(STATUS ” Shared Library : ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}”) message(STATUS “=大流量卡======================================================”) # operating system conditional compile if (WIN32) message(STATUS “Platform : windows”) elseif(APPLE) message(STATUS “Platform : apple”) elseif (UNIX) message(STATUS “Platform : unix”) endif()示例：
— CSerialPort CMake Info — ================================大流量卡======================= — Operation System : Linux-4.9.70-v7+ — CPU Architecture : armv7l — Build Type : Release — Shared Library : ON — ======================================================= — Platform : unix1.mingw(gcc)生成MSVC(vs)可用的dll(.lib)
适用于msvc直接调用mingw的库
mingw(gcc)编译的动态库(DLL)默认MSVC无法调用。
CMAKE_大流量卡GNUtoMS Convert GNU import library (.dll.a) to MS format (.lib)示例：
cmake -G “MinGW Makefiles” -DCMAKE_GNUtoMS=ON ..注意：
也可以根据def文件手动生成msvc所需动态库2.qt调试cmake工程
适合于qt直接编译或调试cmake的工程
qtcreator直接打开CMakeLists.txt工程文件qmake -project可以生成qt的pro工程文件(CMakeLists.txt转换为pro)3.cmake下载和编译其他工程
适合于编译依赖的前置库(包括非cmake工程)等
FetchContent_Declar大流量卡e支持git、svn、url、文件等的下载
3.1 FetchContent_MakeAvailable
CMakeLists.txt
include(FetchContent) set(FETCHCONTENT_QUIET OFF CACHE INTERNAL “” FORCE) FetchContent_Declare( # cmake 3.11 above CSerialPort GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/itas109/CSerialPort GIT_TAG v4.1.0 USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE ) FetchCo大流量卡ntent_MakeAvailable(CSerialPort) # cmake 3.14 above # FetchContent_MakeAvailable #message(STATUS “CSerialPort_SOURCE_DIR : ${CSerialPort_SOURCE_DIR}”) #message(STATUS “CSerialPort_BINARY_DIR : ${CSerialPort_BINARY_DIR}”)3.2 add_custom_target
CMakeLists.txt
include(FetchContent) set(FETCHCONTENT_QUIET OFF CACHEINT大流量卡ERNAL“” FORCE) FetchContent_Declare( # cmake 3.11 above ncurses GIT_REPOSITORY https://gitee.com/itas109/ncurses GIT_TAG v6.2 # 2020-02-12 USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE ) FetchContent_GetProperties(ncurses) if(NOT ncurses_POPULATED) # Fetch the content using previously declared detailsFetchCont大流量卡ent_Populate(ncurses) endif() add_custom_target(compile_ncurses COMMAND ./configure–prefix=${ncurses_BINARY_DIR} COMMAND make -j 8 COMMAND make install COMMENT “configure, compile and install ncurses”WORKING_DIRECTORY ${ncurses_SOURCE_DIR} ) add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} compile_大流量卡ncurses)# excute before project compile4.安装编译文件
适合于编译完安装
CMakeLists.txt
install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/CSerialPort DESTINATION include FILES_MATCHING PATTERN “*.h”) install(TARGETS libcserialport RUNTIME DESTINATION bin LIBRARY DESTINATION lib ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib ) install(FILES ${PRO大流量卡JECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cserialport-config.cmake.in DESTINATION lib/cmake/CSerialPortRENAME cserialport-config.cmake)5.解决-fPIC问题
适用于解决-fPIC问题
compile flag
relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.text can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC5.1 修改原始CMakeLists.txt
add_compile_options(-fPIC)或
set(CM大流量卡AKE_C_FLAGS“${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fPIC”) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fPIC”)5.2 不修改原始CMakeLists.txt
cmake -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=“-fPIC” cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=“-fPIC” ..6.编译静态程序
适合于编译无依赖的程序或库
#需要在CMakeLists.txt添加以下内容 #设置静态编译 # set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -static”) add_compile_options(-static) #链接静态库 #链大流量卡接gcc-g++静态库 target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} libgcc.a) target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} libstdc++.a) #链接网络库(windows如需要) target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ws2_32) #链接线程库(必须放到最后) target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} libpthread.a)7.cmake直接配置与编译
适合于CI/CD，特别是Visual Studio
mkdir bin && cd bin cmake ..大流量卡 cmake –build .8.cmake交叉编译
适用于交叉编译
通过CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE实现，无需修改原有CMakeLists.txt
cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=./toolchain_arm.cmake ..toolchain_arm.cmake
# 交叉编译的系统名称 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux) # 交叉编译的CPU架构 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm) set(USER_PATH “/home/dev”) #代表了一系列的相关文件夹路径的根路径的变更，编译器到指定的根目录下寻找对应的系统库 set大流量卡(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${USER_PATH}/toolchain/sysroot-linaro-eglibc-gcc4.9-2016.02-arm-linux-gnueabihf) #set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH ${USER_PATH}/) # 指定主机上要安装的路径 set(CMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX ${USER_PATH}/cross_install) #指明C和C++编译器 set(tools ${USER_PATH}/toolchain/gcc-linaro-4.9-2016.02-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf) set(CM大流量卡AKE_C_COMPILER ${tools}/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${tools}/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++) #对FIND_PROGRAM()起作用，有三种取值，NEVER,ONLY,BOTH,第一个表示不在你CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH下进行查找，第二个表示只在这个路径下查找，第三个表示先查找这个路径，再查找全局路径，对于这个变量来说，一般都是调用宿主机的程序，所以一般都设置成NEVER set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVE大流量卡R) #下面的三个选项表示只在交叉环境中查找库和头文件 set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY) set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY) set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)9.检查编译器是否支持C++11
适用于使用C++11的应用
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) # Set the project name project (hello_cpp11) # try conditional compilationinclude(Chec大流量卡kCXXCompilerFlag) CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(“-std=c++11” COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11) CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG(“-std=c++0x” COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X) # check results and add flag if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11)# set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11″) elseif(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X)# set(CMAKE_大流量卡CXX_FLAGS“${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x”) else() message(STATUS “The compiler ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} has no C++11 support. Please use a different C++ compiler.”) endif() # Add an executable add_executable(hello_cpp11 main.cpp)10.cmake生成源文件
适用于动态生成源文件
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5) # 大流量卡Set the project name project (cf_example) # set a project version set (cf_example_VERSION_MAJOR 0) set (cf_example_VERSION_MINOR 2) set (cf_example_VERSION_PATCH 1) set (cf_example_VERSION “${cf_example_VERSION_MAJOR}.${cf_example_VERSION_MINOR}.${cf_example_VERSION_PATCH}“) # Call configure files on ver.h.in t大流量卡o set the version. # Uses the standard ${VARIABLE} syntax in the file configure_file(ver.h.in ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/ver.h) # Add an executable add_executable(cf_example main.cpp) # include the directory with the new files target_include_directories( cf_example PUBLIC ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})ver.h.in
#ifndef__VER大流量卡_H__ #define __VER_H__ // version variable that will be substituted by cmake // This shows an example using the $ variable type const char* ver = “${cf_example_VERSION}”; #endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include “ver.h” int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::cout << “Hello Version “ << ver << “!” << std::endl; return 0; 大流量卡 }未完待续，欢迎补充
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